Advances in Bile Acids-Mediated Liver Injury and Liver Regeneration
Xiaowen Tang,
Lili Ding,
Qiaoling Yang,
Xiaoyuan Niu,
Li Yang,
Zhengtao Wang
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
85-89
Received:
12 November 2013
Accepted:
28 November 2014
Published:
28 November 2014
Abstract: Bile acids are endogenous molecules that originate from the liver and transport via bile to the intestines. They normally regulate cholesterol homeostasis, stimulate lipid solubilization and mediate metabolic signaling. Early studies implicated that disorders of bile acids compositions and concentrations can cause liver injury. Several hydrophobic bile acids are toxic and ample increases of them in liver may induce cell inflammation, apoptosis and necrosis. While the hydrophilic bile acid, such as ursodeoxycholic acid, has a therapeutic effect on cholestatic liver diseases. Further more, recent researches demonstrate that bile acids have also been implicated in stimulation of liver regeneration. The antagonistic regulation of liver injury and liver regeneration by bile acids may correlate with its composition and concentration. This review will focus on both how different bile acids and different bile acid concentrations play a critical role in liver injury and regeneration.
Abstract: Bile acids are endogenous molecules that originate from the liver and transport via bile to the intestines. They normally regulate cholesterol homeostasis, stimulate lipid solubilization and mediate metabolic signaling. Early studies implicated that disorders of bile acids compositions and concentrations can cause liver injury. Several hydrophobic ...
Show More
Estimation Activity and Partial Purification of Ceruloplasmin from Sera of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure and Healthy Subjects
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
90-94
Received:
15 November 2014
Accepted:
21 November 2014
Published:
29 November 2014
Abstract: CeruloplasminCP (EC1.16.3.1) activity has been assayed in (32) serum samples of patients with Chronic Renal Failure CRF, and (32) serum samples of healthy individuals without any clinically detectable diseases have been used as control group. The aim of this study is to measure CP activity and partially purifying the enzyme from sera of patients with CRF and healthy individuals. The results of this study revealed that CP activity of patient’s serum shows a highly significant decrease (p < 0.05) compared to that of the healthy individuals. Ceruloplasmin enzyme was partially purified from the serum of patient with CRF and and healthy individual by three steps which operates throughout under mild conditions 4°, acetate buffer (pH 6.8): First step including the use of ammonium sulfate precipitation, second step utilize dialysis with acetate buffer, while the third step consists of gel-filtration on Sephacryl S200(27×1.6cm) . Insufficiently purified ceruloplasmin fractions obtained at various stages are diluted to the appropriate ionic strength and re-utilized. Two proteinous components had been isolated by gel filtration chromatography from the supernatant produced by ammonium sulfate. According to Poly Acryl Amide Electrophoresis PAGE appear two bands by protein staining. Abbreviation: ceruloplasmin, chronic renal failure, ammonium sulfate, dialysis, electrophoresis, gel filtration.
Abstract: CeruloplasminCP (EC1.16.3.1) activity has been assayed in (32) serum samples of patients with Chronic Renal Failure CRF, and (32) serum samples of healthy individuals without any clinically detectable diseases have been used as control group. The aim of this study is to measure CP activity and partially purifying the enzyme from sera of patients wi...
Show More
Biochemical Characteristics of Distal Vessels Endothelium in Patiеnts with Syndroms of Lumbosacral Radiculopathies and others Neurological Syndromes Lumbar Osteochondrosis in Recrudescence Phase
Marina Goryacheva,
Grigori Shumakher,
Liliya Kostyuchenko,
Larisa Tsybirova,
Peter Veselovsky,
Sergey Fedyanin,
Alexey Malikov,
Oleg Komarov,
Andrey Belousov,
Maria Bondareva,
Ksenia Goryacheva
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
95-102
Received:
23 November 2014
Accepted:
9 December 2014
Published:
19 December 2014
Abstract: The content of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1 (IL-1), endothelin -1(E-1), soluble adhesion molecules of vascular endothelium-1 (sVCAM-1) and soluble molecules of intercellular adhesion -1 (sICAM-1 ) in peripheral blood of patients suffering from neurologic syndromes of dorsolumbar osteochondrosis (lumbalgia, lumboishialgia, lumbosacral radiculupathy) in recrudescence phase was investigated. CRP concentration in blood serum was determined by highly sensitive quantitative method (hs-CRP), based on the reaction of immunoprecipitation with reagent sets “Thermoscientific” firm, USA. Endothelin-1, sVCAM-1, sICAM-1 content in blood serum was determined by means of immunoenzymometric analysis method. The research was carried out with standard diagnostic reagent set of the “BioMedica”, “Bender MedSystem»” (BMS201, BMS 232) firm, (Austria), and the apparatus “Multiscan” of the Labsystem firm (Finland). Statistically significant (p < 0,05) concentration increase of C-reactive protein, interleukin-1 (IL-1), endothelin -1, sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 in peripheral blood serum in patients having lumbosacral radiculopathy in comparison with the test-group and with groups of patients suffering from syndromes of lumbalgia and lumboishialgia was found out.
Abstract: The content of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1 (IL-1), endothelin -1(E-1), soluble adhesion molecules of vascular endothelium-1 (sVCAM-1) and soluble molecules of intercellular adhesion -1 (sICAM-1 ) in peripheral blood of patients suffering from neurologic syndromes of dorsolumbar osteochondrosis (lumbalgia, lumboishialgia, lumbosacral r...
Show More
Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel KV1.5 Protects against MPP+ Mediated Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells
Chao Qu,
Xiao-Zhen Fu,
Chao Han,
Qian Chen,
Yan Liu,
Xiao-bo Wang,
Rong-Gang Xi,
Jing Liu,
Wei Zou
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
103-108
Received:
4 December 2014
Accepted:
22 December 2014
Published:
31 December 2014
Abstract: Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and afflicts almost 1.8% of over 65-year-old group in the world. Epidemiological projections showed that the incidence of PD was increasing continuously each year, with a wider age range as well. A large number of studies indicated that voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv) played significant roles in cellular signaling in both excitable and non-excitable cells. What’s more, Kv was also ubiquitously expressed in neurons and participated in signaling pathway in neurons. Kv1.5 (encoded by KCNA5) is an important voltage-gated K+ channel, which is not only necessary for critical processes such as cell proliferation and apoptosis but ubiquitously expressed in neurons. Recent studies reported that PD clinical drugs could inhibit the expression of Kv1.5. To determine the mechanisms by which Kv1.5 protects against MPP+ mediated neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Materials and Methods: Knockdown of Kv1.5 model was established with pSINsi-hU6- Kv1.5 treated by the RNAi method in PC12. MTT, and Western Blot were used to detect the influence of Kv1.5 on PC12 proliferation, and the effect of Kv1.5 on PC12 apoptosis after MPP+ treatment in vitro. Results: 1) Knockdown and overexpression of Kv1.5 participated in PC12 proliferation. Transiently over-expressed Kv1.5 could boost the survival rate of PC12, while transiently knockdown of Kv1.5 inhibited PC12 proliferation. 2) The effect of Kv1.5 on PC12 proliferation was through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Over-expressed Kv1.5 could induce the activation of Akt, and Bcl-2 expression in PC12; Knockdown of Kv1.5 in PC12 inhibited the activation of Akt, Bcl-2 expression, and promoted MAPK phosphorylation. 3) Over-expressed Kv1.5 could significantly prevent PC12 from apoptosis induced by MPP+ via activating Akt pathway and increasing Bcl-2 expression; Knockdown of Kv1.5 was more sensitive than its control counterpart when treated with MPP+ for 24 h. Conclusion: Kv1.5 could hinder MPP+ neurotoxicity to PC12 by PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Abstract: Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and afflicts almost 1.8% of over 65-year-old group in the world. Epidemiological projections showed that the incidence of PD was increasing continuously each year, with a wider age range as well. A large number of studies indicated that voltage-gated potassium ...
Show More
